The NKVD's first US operation was establishing the legal residency of Boris Bazarov and the illegal residency of Iskhak Akhmerov in 1934. The GRU (military intelligence) recruited the ideological agent Julian Wadleigh, who became a State Department diplomat in 1936. The KGB's main successors are the FSB ( Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation) and the SVR ( Foreign Intelligence Service). The failed coup d'état and the collapse of the USSR heralded the end of the KGB on 3 December 1991. In the 1980s, Soviet Union glasnost provoked KGB Chairman Vladimir Kryuchkov (in office: 1988–1991) to lead the August 1991 Soviet coup d'état in an attempt to depose President Mikhail Gorbachev. The first public rally near the KGB building in Moscow on Lubyanka Square in a memory of Stalin's victims on the Day of Political Prisoners, 30 October 1989 In addition, Belarus established its successor to the KGB of the Byelorussian SSR in 1991, the Belarusian KGB, keeping the unreformed name. Following the 1991–1992 South Ossetia War, the self-proclaimed Republic of South Ossetia established its own KGB, keeping the unreformed name. It was later succeeded in Russia by the Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) and what would later become the Federal Security Service (FSB). On 3 December 1991, the KGB was officially dissolved. Its main functions were foreign intelligence, counter-intelligence, operative-investigative activities, guarding the state border of the USSR, guarding the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party and the Soviet Government, organization and security of government communications as well as combating nationalist, dissident, religious and anti-Soviet activities. While most of the KGB archives remain classified, two online documentary sources are available. The agency was a military service governed by army laws and regulations, in the same fashion as the Soviet Army or the MVD Internal Troops.
Similar agencies operated in each of the republics of the Soviet Union aside from the Russian SFSR, with many associated ministries, state committees and state commissions. It was the chief government agency of "union-republican jurisdiction", carrying out internal security, foreign intelligence, counter-intelligence and secret police functions. As a direct successor of preceding agencies such as the Cheka, GPU, OGPU, NKGB, NKVD and MGB, it was attached to the Council of Ministers. The KGB (Russian: Комитет государственной безопасности (КГБ), romanized: Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti, lit.' Committee for State Security') was the main security agency for the Soviet Union from 13 March 1954 until 3 December 1991.
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